Process Defined

Process analysis writing involves writing to give instructions on how to do something or to describe how something is done. It is another common organizational form of writing. Current self-help books on the market entitled How To . . . are examples of process writing.  Process analysis serves readers well if some simple steps are followed to maintain clarity.  There are two basic types of process writing:  informational and directional.  Informational process writing provides information on topics we would like to learn about, i.e. how something works.  An example would be an essay on how the heart functions.  On the other hand, directional process deals with giving directions on how to do something.  An example of this type of writing would be an essay giving directions on changing a tire or a recipe.

Do's and Don'ts of Process Analysis Writing

1.  Subject Matter

Be sure that you choose and appropriate subject to either give directions or to inform.  It cannot be both. If you choose a subject and put it in the wrong format, you either won't be able to continue writing, or it will be confused.

2.  Clearly state  your thesis.

Your thesis should be stated clearly as to what you are choosing to describe as a process and to indicate how you will do so.  Specify whether you are writing to inform the reader, or you are writing to the reader so that they may follow your directions.

3.  Organize the series of steps.

Regardless of whether you write an informational or directional essay, it is critical to organize the steps in the most logical order.    The two most widely used methods for organizing a process essay are chronological order and order of importance.  Chronological order would work for the how to change the oil essay.  If a writer is writing on improving one's sleep, then the writer might list things in order of importance rather than chronological order.

4.  Offer concrete explanations.

This is another type of writing which requires strict attention to details--concrete details.  You cannot be too specific as a writer with this type of writing.  A writer should assume, when writing process, that the audience knows very little or nothing.  While you certainly don't want to write at such a level as to insult someone's intelligence, write so that it is clear for those who would be novices at what you are describing.  Define any technical terms and offer plenty of examples where necessary.

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CLUES FOR PROCESS ANALYSIS
 

• Is there a clear organizational pattern throughout the essay?  Is it in chronological or order of importance order?
• Is there a clearly stated thesis in the introduction which relates that the essay in  informational or directional in nature?
• Can the steps involved be followed by a novice?
• Is enough detail included so that there is clarity about the subject matter?

         Last Updated:  July, 2003
         Patricia A. Hutchins
         http://www.delta.edu/pahutchi/process.html