gram positive bacterial diseases

Welcome to Microbiology at Delta College!

Microbiology & Infection Control

Joyce Howard, Delta College

Bonus Buck Assignment:
Summary of Gram Positive Bacterial Diseases

This assignment is NOT REQUIRED. It is an optional assignment that may be done for to earn TWO BONUS BUCKS. We will be covering the disease information concerning Gram positive bacteria as part of a group activity. However, you can choose to do it for two bonus bucks. (Note: You must still participate in the group activity.)

There are 14 Gram positive bacterial diseases which we want to concentrate on in this course. The names of those infections, text references, and Internet links are provided below.

You are not required to use the links I offer. They are given as references and to help to get you started. From these links, you can often find further reference links. You may prefer to use a search tool you are used to.

Scalded Skin Syndrome (also known as Ritter's Disease) - pages 538-9

E-Med link: http://www.emedicine.com/derm/topic402.htm

Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) - pages 641-2

CDC link: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/toxicshock_t.htm
E-Med link: http://www.emedicine.com/aaem/topic455.htm
Note: Name the toxin produced in TSS. Explain when/how TSS can result from surgeries.

Staphylococcal Wound Infections, caused by Staphylococcus aureus & Staphylococcus epidermidis - pages 693-6

CDC link: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol7no2/nichols.htm
Note: Distinguish between types of wound infections caused by S. aureus and wound infections caused by S. epidermidis.

Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis (SBE) - pages 718-9

E-Med link: http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic164.htm

Streptococcal Pyoderma, including Impetigo - pages 539-41

E-Med link: http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic283.htm
CDC link: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/groupastreptococcal_g.htm#What kind of illnesses a
Note: Distinguish between streptococcal pyoderma and impetigo.

Streptococcal Pharyngitis (also known as Strep Throat) - pages 565-9

CDC link: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/groupastreptococcal_g.htm#What kind of illnesses a
E-Med link: http://www.emedicine.com/aaem/topic420.htm

Necrotizing Fasciitis (also known as Streptococcal Gangrene or Flesh-Eating Disease) - page 696

Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS) - page 696

Streptococcal Pneumonia (also known as Pneumococcal Pneumonia) - pages 576-9

Dental Caries, leading to Periodontal Disease & Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG, known as Trench Mouth or Vincent's Disease) - p. 602-3

E-Med link: http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic128.htm

Note: Distinguish between dental caries, periodontal disease, and ANUG. Explain when/how each develops, the bacteria involved, and the treatments for each.

Neonatal Sepsis, Early or Late Onset (also known as Group B Streptococcal Disease (GBS) - page 666

E-Med link: http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic2630.htm
CDC link: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/groupbstrep_g.htm
CDC link: http://www.cdc.gov/groupbstrep/
Note: Distinguish between Early and Late Onset of Neonatal Sepsis as to transmission, symptoms and treatment.

Diphtheria - pages 568-71

CDC link: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/diptheria_t.htm
E-Med link: http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic138.htm
Note: You must discuss the diphtheria vaccination schedule (number of shots & when given) for children, adolescents, and adults. Distinguish between when DTaP is used and Td is used.

Anthrax - pages 283, 503 & 577

CDC link: http://www.bt.cdc.gov/Agent/Anthrax/Anthrax.asp
CDC link: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/anthrax_g.htm#currissue
E-Med link: http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic864.htm
Note: Discuss the three forms of anthrax (respiratory, cutaneous, and gastrointestinal), including how each is transmitted, its symptoms, and treatment. Discuss the use of anthrax in bioterrorism.

Listeriosis - pages 668-71

CDC link: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/listeriosis_g.htm
E-Med link: http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic1312.htm
Note: Discuss the problems of Listeriosis related to pregnancy.

An important area for you is the employment of isolation precautions for patients suffering from these infection/diseases. To complete this part of the assignment, you will use Appendix A of the Isolation Precautions Guidelines . You printed this document from the CDC. Please recall that we expanded the patient population description of diapered and incontinent patients with regard to gastroenteral infections/diseases.

For each disease you will summarize the following: 1) name of disease, 2) causative agent(s) and its description, 3) symptoms, 4) incubation period, 5) pathogenesis, 6) epidemiology, 7) treatment (Note: Be specific!), 8) prevention, 9) control, and 10) isolation precautions employed in a healthcare setting for the disease (including information contained in footnotes).

Disease Information:

The name of the disease is usually given to you. (How else would you know what we're studying!)
The causative agent(s) is (are) the microorganism(s), known as the pathogen(s), causing the disease. The name the pathogen and a brief description of the organism are usually given. (Examples are: Genus-species name of the bacterium? Gram-positive or negative? Rod or cocci? Aerobic or facultative anaerobe or anerobobe? Motile? Other characterisitics of the bacterium?)
The symptoms are what the patient experiences and healthcare workers recognize as part of their diagnosis.
The incubation period is the range of time during which the disease begins to develop within the patient.
The pathogenesis is the process by which the disease develops. What is it about the pathogen that enables it to cause this disease? Does the pathogen have particular virulence factors? How does the disease progress within the patient?
The epidemiology is the study of factors influencing the frequency and spread of the disease. How is it spread? Are there typical age groups that are effected? Are there seasonal effects? How does transmission most frequently occur?
The treatment involves the therapy measures employed. These may include antimicrobials, fluid & electrolyte replacement, and controlling the symptoms (such as fever). Note: You must be specific in your answers! For example, you cannot simply state that a particular disease is treated by antibiotics. There are tons of antibiotics. Which ones are specifically used for the disease you are researching???
The prevention are measures used to stop the transmission of the disease. Prevention is before the disease happens in a person or to prevent its spread within a community. Examples are immunizations, good hygiene practices, isolating infected children.
The control are measures used to control the spread of the disease. Now the disease is in the person or the community. We must make every effort to stop it from spreading any further! Ex: mosquito control, good sanitation systems, and use of isolation precautions.
The isolation precautions always include the use of Standard Precautions. They may include the use of Airborne, Droplet, and/or Contact Precautions. Use Appendix A from the Isolation Precaution Guidelines to find this information. You were asked to print out this appendix in the Doing Assignments Online assignment. Did you??? If not, do it now! When you use this information during the semester, you must include any additional notes given in the footnotes of the appendix. (For example, you would give information about the duration of the illness.) Please recall that we expanded the patient population description of diapered and incontinent patients with regard to gastroenteral infections/diseases. Here is the link to the appendix: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/hip/isolat/isoapp_a.htm

1. Scalded Skin Syndrome (also known as Ritter's Disease)

Causative agent(s): Give the name(s) and a description.

Symptoms.

Incubation Period.

Pathogenesis.

Epidemiology.

Treatment.

Prevention.

Control.

Isolation precautions employed.

2. Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

Causative agent(s): Give the name(s) and a description.

Symptoms.

Incubation Period.

Pathogenesis.

Epidemiology.

Treatment.

Prevention.

Control.

Isolation precautions employed.

3. Staphylococcal Wound Infections, caused by S. aureus & S. epidermidis

Distinguish between wound infections caused by S. aureus and wound infections caused by S. epidermidis.

Causative agent(s): Give the name(s) and a description.

Symptoms.

Incubation Period.

Pathogenesis.

Epidemiology.

Treatment.

Prevention.

Control.

Isolation precautions employed.

4. Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis (SBE)

Causative agent(s): Give the name(s) and a description.

Symptoms.

Incubation Period.

Pathogenesis.

Epidemiology.

Treatment.

Prevention.

Control.

Isolation precautions employed.

5. Streptococcal Pyoderma, Including Impetigo

Distinguish between streptococcal pyoderma and impetigo.

Causative agent(s): Give the name(s) and a description.

Symptoms.

Incubation Period.

Pathogenesis.

Epidemiology.

Treatment.

Prevention.

Control.

Isolation precautions employed.

6. Streptococcal Pharyngitis (also known as Strep Throat)

Causative agent(s): Give the name(s) and a description.

Symptoms.

Incubation Period.

Pathogenesis.

Epidemiology.

Treatment.

Prevention.

Control.

Isolation precautions employed.

7. Necrotizing Fasciitis (also known as Streptococcal Gangrene or Flesh-Eating Disease)

Causative agent(s): Give the name(s) and a description.

Symptoms.

Incubation Period.

Pathogenesis.

Epidemiology.

Treatment.

Prevention.

Control.

Isolation precautions employed.

8. Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS)

Causative agent(s): Give the name(s) and a description.

Symptoms.

Incubation Period.

Pathogenesis.

Epidemiology.

Treatment.

Prevention.

Control.

Isolation precautions employed.

9. Streptococcal Pneumonia (also known as Pneumococcal Pneumonia)

Causative agent(s): Give the name(s) and a description.

Symptoms.

Incubation Period.

Pathogenesis.

Epidemiology.

Treatment.

Prevention.

Control.

Isolation precautions employed.

10. Dental Caries, leading to Periodontal Disease and Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG, also known as Trench Mouth or Vincent's Disease)

Distinguish between dental caries, periodontal disease, and ANUG.

Causative agent(s): Give the name(s) and a description.

Symptoms.

Incubation Period.

Pathogenesis.

Epidemiology.

Treatment.

Prevention.

Control.

Isolation precautions employed.

11. Neonatal Sepsis, Early or Late Onset (also known as Group B Streptococcal Disease (GBS)

Distinguish between early and late onset of neonatal sepsis.

Causative agent(s): Give the name(s) and a description.

Symptoms.

Incubation Period.

Pathogenesis.

Epidemiology.

Treatment.

Prevention.

Control.

Isolation precautions employed.

12. Diphtheria

Causative agent(s): Give the name(s) and a description.

Symptoms.

Incubation Period.

Pathogenesis.

Epidemiology.

Treatment.

Prevention.

Control.

Isolation precautions employed.

Discuss the diphtheria vaccination schedule (number of shots & when given) for children, adolescents, and adults. Distinguish between when DTaP is used and Td is used.

13. Anthrax

Causative agent(s): Give the name(s) and a description.

Symptoms.

Incubation Period.

Pathogenesis.

Epidemiology.

Treatment.

Prevention.

Control.

Isolation precautions employed.

Discuss the use of anthrax in bioterrorism.

14. Listeriosis

Causative agent(s): Give the name(s) and a description.

Symptoms.

Incubation Period.

Pathogenesis.

Epidemiology.

Treatment.

Prevention.

Control.

Isolation precautions employed.

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E-mail: jahoward@delta.edu
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